Farmers have harvested most of their soybeans and corn. Most fields have been dry (until this week) and farmers are looking to fix compaction problems. This article came from Sjoerd Duiker, Penn State (CORN newsletter 2015-35) and discusses ways to 1) increase soil resiliency to compaction, 2) to avoid compaction, and 3) ways to alleviate compaction. First, soil resiliency is a term that describes the ability of an ecosystem to resist disturbance by resisting damage and recovering rapidly. Soil can be made to resist compaction by eliminating tillage, increasing organic matter content, and maintaining a living soil root system. Long-term no-till farmer will testify that tires sink deeper in tilled soil. Any soil that was tilled will be more susceptible to compaction than a soil that has been in no-till continuously. Increasing organic matter content increases the soil resiliency to compaction, because the spongy humus maintains porosity and also increases aggregate stability. Finally, a...

After heavy rains and extensive flooding, a common complaint in rural areas is the movement of corn stalks and crop residue off agricultural fields into roadways, surface ditches, and streams; causing drainage problems. Major questions include why farmers are increasingly using no-till and what can farmers do to prevent corn stalks and corn residue from clogging drainage outlets and ditches and from becoming a hazard on roadways. This factsheet will explain why 1) farmers are using no-till and 2) offer some strategies to reduce corn stalk and corn residue removal from agricultural fields. Some common farm myths are discussed which may be preventing farmers from reducing the corn stalk/corn residue issue. According to the Putnam County Soil & Water Conservation District 2015 transect, approximately 67% of corn acres are planted to no-till soybeans and only 6-7% of soybean acres are planted to true no-till corn. The corn residue including corn leaves, corn stalks, and corn cobs and c...

  If you dig in the soil this year, you will notice that the soil tends to be harder and more compacted in the top 3-4 inches. This is a common occurrence in a wet year, especially when water has been standing on the soil surface for an extended period of time. Farmers may think it is the weight of water causing the soil compaction. Water weighs 8.34 pounds per gallon and there is 27,156 gallons of water in an acre-inch of water. A field with 12 inches water/acre of land is equivalent to 62.4 pounds pressure per square foot of soil ((12 inches of water * 27156 gallons/inch * 8.34 pounds/ gallon of water)/43,560 square feet per acre)). Tractors and farm equipment have axle loads that weigh 10-20 ton, so our soil scientists tell us that the “weight” of the water is not a major cause of soil compaction. When soils are saturated for long periods of time, soil microbes, especially the anaerobic (lack of oxygen) bacteria dominate and they obtain oxygen for respiration from the soil by st...

Since corn stands and yields are below normal, farmers may be interested in pricing their corn for corn silage. Two procedures for estimating corn grain yields prior to harvest are the YIELD COMPONENT METHOD and the EAR WEIGHT METHOD. Each method will produce yield estimates that are within 20 bu/A of actual yield. The YIELD COMPONENT METHOD can be used as early as the milk stage of kernel development. When below normal rainfall occurs during grain fill (resulting in low kernel weights), the yield component method will overestimate yields. In a year with good grain fill conditions (resulting in high kernel weights) the method will underestimate grain yields. For the Yield Component Method, Dr. Bob Nielsen at Purdue University suggests that a "fudge factor" of 80 to 85 (85,000 kernels per 56 lb bushel) is a realistic value to use in the yield estimation equation today, since kernel size has increased. Step 1. Count the number of harvestable ears in a length of row equivalent t...